C99 \[[ISO/IEC 9899:1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\] defines {{getenv}} as follows:

The getenv function returns a pointer to a string associated with the matched list member. The string pointed to shall not be modified by the program, but may be overwritten by a subsequent call to the getenv function. If the specified name cannot be found, a null pointer is returned.

Consequently, if the string returned by getenv() needs to be altered, a local copy should be created to ensure that the environment is not directly and unintentionally modified.

Non-Compliant Code Example

This non-compliant code example modifies the string returned by getenv() by replacing all double quote (") characters with underscores.

void strtr(char *str, char orig, char rep) {
  while (*str != '\0') {
    if (*str == orig) {
      *str = rep;
    }
    str++;
  }
}

/* ... */

char *env = getenv("TEST_ENV");
if (env == NULL) {
  /* Handle Error */
}

strtr(env,'"', '_');


/* ... */

Compliant Solution (local copy)

For the case where the intent of the non-compliant code example is to use the modified value of the environment variable locally and not modify the environment, this compliant solution makes a local copy of that string value, and then modifies the local copy.

char const *env;
char *copy_of_env;

env = getenv("TEST_ENV");
if (env == NULL) {
  /* Handle Error */
}

copy_of_env = (char *)malloc(strlen(env) + 1);
if (copy_of_env == NULL) {
  /* Handle Error */
}

strcpy(copy_of_env, env);
strtr(copy_of_env,'\"', '_');

Compliant Solution (modifying the environment in POSIX)

For the case where the intent is to modify the environment, this compliant solution will save the altered string back into the environment by using the POSIX setenv() and strdup() functions.

char const *env;
char *copy_of_env;

env = getenv("TEST_ENV");
if (env == NULL) {
  /* Handle Error */
}

copy_of_env = strdup(env);
if (copy_of_env == NULL) {
  /* Handle Error */
}

strtr(copy_of_env,'\"', '_');

if (setenv("TEST_ENV", copy_of_env, 1) != 0) {
  /* Handle Error */
}

Risk Assessment

The modified string may be overwritten by a subsequent call to the getenv() function. Depending on the implementation, modifying the string returned by getenv() may or may not modify the environment.

Related Vulnerabilities

Search for vulnerabilities resulting from the violation of this rule on the CERT website.

References

\[[ISO/IEC 9899:1999|AA. C References#ISO/IEC 9899-1999]\] Section 7.20.4.5, "The {{getenv}} function"
\[[Open Group 04|AA. C References#Open Group 04]\] [getenv|http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/getenv.html]

ENV04-C. Do not call system() if you do not need a command processor      10. Environment (ENV)