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The resulting value is now more likely to be consistent with the programmer's expectations.
Exceptions
INT14-EX0: Routines may treat integers as bit-vectors for I/O purposes. That is, they may treat an integer as a series of bits in order to write it to a file or socket. They may also read a series of bits from a file or socket and create an integer from the bits.
Risk Assessment
Performing bit manipulation and arithmetic operations on the same variable obscures the programmer's intentions and reduces readability. It also makes it more difficult for a security auditor or maintainer to determine which checks must be performed to eliminate security flaws and ensure data integrity.
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