A consistent locking policy guarantees that multiple threads cannot simultaneously access or modify shared data. When two or more operations must be performed as a single atomic operation, a consistent locking policy must be implemented using either intrinsic synchronization or java.util.concurrent utilities. In the absence of such a policy, the code is susceptible to race conditions.
Given an invariant involving multiple objects, a programmer might incorrectly assume that a group of individually atomic operations is When presented with a set of operations, where each is guaranteed to be atomic, it is tempting to assume that a single operation consisting of individually-atomic operations is guaranteed to be collectively atomic without additional locking. Similarly, programmers might incorrectly assume that use of a thread-safe Collection is sufficient to preserve an invariant that involves the collection's elements without additional synchronization. A thread-safe class can only guarantee atomicity of its individual methods. A grouping of calls to such methods requires additional synchronization for the group.
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| Section 5.2.1, ConcurrentHashMap | |||
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