SEI CERT Oracle Coding Standard for Java

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changes.mady.by.user David Svoboda

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Protected accessibility is illegal for top-level classes; nested classes may be declared protected. Fields of non-final public classes should rarely be declared protected; untrusted code in another package can subclass the class and access the member. Furthermore, protected members are part of the API of the class and, thusconsequently, require continued support. When this rule is followed, there is no need to declare a field as protected. The rule OBJ01-J. Declare data members as private and provide accessible wrapper methods recommends declaring fields as private.

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[[Bloch 2008

AA. Bibliography#Bloch 08]]

Item 13: Minimize the accessibility of classes and members; Item 16: Prefer interfaces to abstract classes

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[[Campione 1996

AA. Bibliography#Campione 96]]

[Access Control

http://www.telecom.ntua.gr/HTML.Tutorials/java/javaOO/accesscontrol.html]

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[[JLS 2005

AA. Bibliography#JLS 05]]

[Section 6.6, Access Control

http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/third_edition/html/names.html#6.6]

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[[McGraw 1999

AA. Bibliography#McGraw 99]]

Chapter 3, Java Language Security Constructs

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