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In this noncompliant code example, the function f() is called from within a multithreaded application but encounters an error while calling a system function. The strerror() function returns a human-readable error string given an error number.

The C Standard, 7.2426.6.2 3 paragraph 3 [ISO/IEC 9899:20112024], specifically states that strerror() is not required to avoid data races.

The strerror function is not required to avoid data races with other calls to the strerror function.

An implementation could write the error string into a static array and return a pointer to it, and that array might be accessible and modifiable by other threads.

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This code first sets errno to 0 to comply with ERR30-C. Set errno to zero before calling a library function known to set errno, and check errno only after the function returns a value indicating failure. 

Compliant Solution (Annex K, strerror_s()) 

This compliant solution uses the strerror_s() function from Annex K of the C Standard, which has the same functionality as strerror() but guarantees thread-safety:

#define __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__ 1
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
 
enum { BUFFERSIZE = 64 };
void f(FILE *fp) {
  fpos_t pos;
  errno = 0;

  if (0 != fgetpos(fp, &pos)) {
    char errmsg[BUFFERSIZE];
    if (strerror_s(errmsg, BUFFERSIZE, errno) != 0) {
      /* Handle error */
    }
    printf("Could not get the file position: %s\n", errmsg);
  }
}

Because Annex K is optional, strerror_s() may not be available in all implementations. 

Take care when reading errno. 

Compliant Solution (Compliant Solution (POSIX, strerror_r())

This compliant solution uses the POSIX strerror_r() function, which has the same functionality as strerror() but guarantees thread safety:

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Race conditions caused by multiple threads invoking the same library function can lead to abnormal termination of the application, data integrity violations, or a denial-of-service attack.

Related Vulnerabilities

Search for vulnerabilities resulting from the violation of this rule on the CERT website.

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Related Guidelines

Key here (explains table format and definitions)

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