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Violating any shall statement within a constraint clause in the C Standard requires an implementation to issue a diagnostic message, the C Standard, 5.1.1.3 [ISO/IEC 9899:2011] states:

A conforming implementation shall produce at least one diagnostic message (identified in an implementation-defined manner) if a preprocessing translation unit or translation unit contains a violation of any syntax rule or constraint, even if the behavior is also explicitly specified as undefined or implementation-defined. Diagnostic messages need not be produced in other circumstances.

The C Standard further explains in a footnote:

The intent is that an implementation should identify the nature of, and where possible localize, each violation. Of course, an implementation is free to produce any number of diagnostics as long as a valid program is still correctly translated. It may also successfully translate an invalid program.

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The C Standard, 6.7.4, paragraph 3 [ISO/IEC 9899:2011], states:

An inline definition of a function with external linkage shall not contain a definition of a modifiable object with static or thread storage duration, and shall not contain a reference to an identifier with internal linkage.

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Constraint violations are a broad category of error that can result in unexpected control flow and corrupted data.

Rule	Severity	Likelihood	Detectable

Remediation Cost

Repairable	Priority	Level
MSC40-C	Low	Unlikely

Medium

No

P2

P1

L3

Automated Detection

LDRA tool suite

Tool	Version	Checker	Description


Astrée

Include Page

LDRA

	Astrée_V

LDRA_V21 S, 145 S, 323 S, 345 S,
387 S, 404 S, 481 S, 580 S,
615 S, 646 S

PRQA QA-C

Include PagePRQA QA-C_vPRQA QA-C_v

0232, 0233, 0244, 0261, 0278, 0321, 0322, 0338, 0422, 0423, 0426, 0427, 0429–0432, 0435–0437, 0446–0454, 0456–0458, 0466–0469, 0476–0478, 0481–0487, 0493–0496, 0513–0515, 0536, 0537, 0540–0542, 0546, 0547, 0550, 0554–0565, 0580, 0588–0591, 0605, 0616, 0619–0622, 0627–0629, 0631, 0638, 0640–0646, 0649–0651, 0653, 0655–0657, 0659, 0664, 0665, 0671, 0673–0675, 0677, 0682–0685, 0690, 0698, 0699, 0708, 0709, 0736–0738, 0746, 0747, 0755–0758, 0766–0768, 0774, 0775, 0801–0804, 0811, 0812, 0821, 0834, 0835, 0844, 0845, 0851, 0852, 0856, 0866, 0873, 0877, 0940, 0941, 0943, 0944, 1023–1025, 1033, 1047, 1048, 3236–3238, 3244

	Astrée_V

alignas-extended
assignment-to-non-modifiable-lvalue
cast-pointer-void-arithmetic-implicit
element-type-incomplete
function-pointer-integer-cast-implicit
function-return-type
inappropriate-pointer-cast-implicit
incompatible-function-pointer-conversion
incompatible-object-pointer-conversion
initializer-excess
invalid-array-size
non-constant-static-assert
parameter-match-type
pointer-integral-cast-implicit
pointer-qualifier-cast-const-implicit
pointer-qualifier-cast-volatile-implicit
redeclaration
return-empty
return-non-empty
static-assert
type-compatibility
type-compatibility-link
type-specifier
undeclared-parameter
unnamed-parameter

Partially checked

Cppcheck Premium

Include Page

	Cppcheck Premium_V
	Cppcheck Premium_V

premium-cert-msc40-c

Helix QAC

Include Page

	Helix QAC_V
	Helix QAC_V

C0232, C0233, C0244, C0268, C0321, C0322, C0338, C0422, C0423, C0426, C0427, C0429, C0430, C0431, C0432, C0435, C0436, C0437, C0446, C0447, C0448, C0449, C0451, C0452, C0453, C0454, C0456, C0457, C0458, C0460, C0461, C0462, C0463, C0466, C0467, C0468, C0469, C0476, C0477, C0478, C0481, C0482, C0483, C0484, C0485, C0486, C0487, C0493, C0494, C0495, C0496, C0497, C0513, C0514, C0515, C0536, C0537, C0540, C0541, C0542, C0546, C0547, C0550, C0554, C0555, C0556, C0557, C0558, C0559, C0560, C0561, C0562, C0563, C0564, C0565, C0580, C0588, C0589, C0590, C0591, C0605, C0616, C0619, C0620, C0621, C0622, C0627, C0628, C0629, C0631, C0638, C0640, C0641, C0642, C0643, C0644, C0645, C0646, C0649, C0650, C0651, C0653, C0655, C0656, C0657, C0659, C0664, C0665, C0669, C0671, C0673, C0674, C0675, C0677, C0682, C0683, C0684, C0685, C0690, C0698, C0699, C0708, C0709, C0736, C0737, C0738, C0746, C0747, C0755, C0756, C0757, C0758, C0766, C0767, C0768, C0774, C0775, C0801, C0802, C0803, C0804, C0811, C0821, C0834, C0835, C0844, C0845, C0851, C0852, C0866, C0873, C0877, C0940, C0941, C0943, C0944, C1023, C1024, C1025, C1033, C1047, C1048, C1050, C1061, C1062, C3236, C3237, C3238, C3244

C++4122

Klocwork

Include Page

	Klocwork_V
	Klocwork_V

MISRA.FUNC.STATIC.REDECL

LDRA tool suite

Include Page

	LDRA_V
	LDRA_V

21 S, 145 S, 323 S, 345 S, 387 S, 404 S, 481 S, 580 S, 612 S, 615 S, 646 S

Parasoft C/C++test

Include Page

	Parasoft_V
	Parasoft_V

CERT_C-MSC40-a

An inline definition of a function with external linkage shall not contain definitions and uses of static objects

Polyspace Bug Finder

Include Page

	Polyspace Bug Finder_V
	Polyspace Bug Finder_V

CERT C: Rule MSC40-C

Checks for inline constraint not respected (rule partially covered)

RuleChecker

Include Page

	RuleChecker_V
	RuleChecker_V

alignas-extended
assignment-to-non-modifiable-lvalue
cast-pointer-void-arithmetic-implicit
element-type-incomplete
function-pointer-integer-cast-implicit
function-return-type
inappropriate-pointer-cast-implicit
incompatible-function-pointer-conversion
incompatible-object-pointer-conversion
initializer-excess
invalid-array-size
non-constant-static-assert
parameter-match-type
pointer-integral-cast-implicit
pointer-qualifier-cast-const-implicit
pointer-qualifier-cast-volatile-implicit
redeclaration
return-empty
return-non-empty
static-assert
type-compatibility
type-compatibility-link
type-specifier
undeclared-parameter
unnamed-parameter

Partially checked

Related Vulnerabilities

Search for vulnerabilities resulting from the violation of this rule on the CERT website.

Bibliography

[ISO/IEC 9899:2011]

4, "Conformance"
5.1.1.3, "Diagnostics"
6.7.4, "Function Specifiers"

...

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New Version Current

Key

Automated Detection

Related Vulnerabilities

Bibliography