<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="85f88a7f-509f-41c1-b660-df9ca875bb11"><ac:parameter ac:name="">API 06</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[API 06] Java Platform, Standard Edition 6 API Specification
(2006)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="f256585e-ce63-46a1-ae3a-c95d8a734c1a"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Austin 00</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Austin 00] Advanced Programming for the Java 2 Platform, by Calvin Austin and Monica Pawlan, Addison Wesley Longman. (2000)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="52b1a654-08b3-4668-8c8f-2462def41cc2"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Bloch 01</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Bloch 01] Effective Java, Programming Language Guide, by Joshua Bloch. Addison Wesley. (2001)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="0601511d-adcf-4282-a553-a24a0bc38190"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Bloch 05</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Bloch 05] Java⢠Puzzlers: Traps, Pitfalls, and Corner Cases, by Joshua Bloch and Neal Gafter. Pearson Education, Inc. (2005)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="fc592824-e542-4d74-93c7-8b56fc51324f"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Bloch 08</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Bloch 08] Effective Java, 2nd edition, by Joshua Bloch, Addison Wesley. (2008)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="ddc324ff-381e-475b-ad4a-e114a2720766"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Campione 96</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Campione 96] The Java Tutorial, by Mary Campione and Kathy Walrath (1996)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="97611c06-d8f8-4aa2-85c1-4e791312d653"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Chan 99</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Chan 99] The Java Class Libraries: Supplement for the Java 2 Platform, v1.2, second edition, Volume 1, by Patrick Chan, Rosanna Lee, Douglas Kramer. Prentice Hall. (1999)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="7f2f0b32-7936-4a35-b27f-e8d8d05ddf9f"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Christudas 05</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Christudas 05] Internals of Java Class Loading, ONJava (2005)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="beab37f1-c64d-4a22-9c0b-1596209d7a10"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Core Java 04</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Core Java 04] Core Java⢠2 Volume I - Fundamentals, Seventh Edition by Cay S. Horstmann, Gary Cornell. Prentice Hall PTR. (2004)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="b4592eba-754c-43b5-964a-b0c5dc9504bf"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Daconta 00</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Daconta 00] When Runtime.exec() won't, by Michael C. Daconta, JavaWorld.com. (2000)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="6a5b0d2a-13d9-4c2e-8506-b48a50da4f48"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Daconta 03</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Daconta 03] More Java Pitfalls, by Michael C. Daconta, Kevin T. Smith, Donald Avondolio and W. Clay Richardson. Wiley Publishing Inc. (2003)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="746b8f09-5673-4e35-8ef4-bbd697c91996"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Darwin 04</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Darwin 04] Java Cookbook, by Ian F. Darwin (2004)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="bdfad239-dcb4-4743-8e3b-e0fe366aed6c"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Doshi 03</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Doshi 03] Best Practices for Exception Handling by Gunjan Doshi. (2003)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="7d3bfa53-5717-492b-9579-45d0153a5f59"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Enterprise 03</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Enterprise 03] Java Enterprise Best Practices, by the O'Reilly Java Authors. O'Reilly. (2003)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="362148f7-ee91-41cd-a941-457403924c69"><ac:parameter ac:name="">FindBugs 08</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[FindBugs 08] FindBugs Bug Descriptions (2008)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="c08cfa5c-7975-4f7c-9faa-f370f32ab4ca"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Fisher 03</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Fisher 03] JDBC API Tutorial and Reference, 3rd edition, by Maydene Fisher, Jon Ellis, and Jonathan Bruce, Prentice Hall, The Java Series. (2003)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="c452f685-431d-429c-a31b-799975522fc4"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Flanagan 05</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Flanagan 05] Java in a Nutshell, 5th edition, by David Flanagan, O'Reilly Media, Inc. (2005)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="15091820-ad65-499d-b75c-b99c21773f17"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Fox 01</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Fox 01] When is a Singleton not a Singleton?, by Joshua Fox, Sun Developer Network (SDN) (2001)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="cbb4185b-9828-413f-838f-a5d7c3b1bd73"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Garms 01</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Garms 01] Professional Java Security, by Jess Garms and Daniel Somerfield. Wrox Press Ltd. (2001)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="889e1f66-9fd4-4775-8b6a-380676af2321"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Goetz 06</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Goetz 06] Java Concurrency in Practice, by Brian Goetz, Tim Peierls, Joshua Bloch, Joseph Bowbeer, David Holmes, Doug Lea. Addison Wesley Professional. (2006)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="d972051b-44eb-413d-bf58-11eb9c24f93a"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Goldberg 91</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Goldberg 91] Goldberg, David. What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic. Sun Microsystems, March 1991.
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="9aed9139-6e22-449f-8099-7da8d0161484"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Gong 03</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Gong 03] Inside Java 2 Platform Security: Architecture, API Design, and Implementation, 2nd edition, by Li Gong, Gary Ellison, and Mary Dageforde. Prentice Hall, The Java Series. (2003)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="d18231ad-a3bd-41f4-99a8-36b6208ac3aa"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Greanier 00</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Greanier 00] Discover the secrets of the Java Serialization API, by Todd Greanier, Sun Developer Network (SDN). (2000)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="746c8af3-e776-416c-8e2a-2aab92d8e9a6"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Green 08</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Green 08] Canadian Mind Products Java & Internet Glossary by Roedy Green. (2008)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="dd29dba8-3e65-4641-ab37-cdb8812ca440"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Gupta 05</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Gupta 05] Java memory leaks - Catch me if you can, by Satish Chandra Gupta and Rajeev Palanki. (2005)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="4d50365d-7955-4b95-94f3-26214ee44602"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Halloway 00</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Halloway 00] Java Developer Connection Tech Tips, March 28, 2000, by Stuart Halloway.
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="5971a4d0-34c2-4127-a28a-5d7d996c39e1"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Harold 97</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Harold 97] Java Secrets by Elliotte Rusty Harold. Wiley. (1997)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="be106d8b-3227-488a-b63f-95fcbaec9be5"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Harold 99</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Harold 99] Java I/O, by Elliotte Rusty Harold. O'REILLY. (1999)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="598210de-cf1d-42ad-933f-85dea8ec87cc"><ac:parameter ac:name="">J2SE 00</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[J2SE 00] JavaTM 2 SDK, Standard Edition Documentation, Sun Microsystems. J2SE Documentation version 1.3 (2000)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="8ddef66e-5042-4376-b0ef-143a9e58523b"><ac:parameter ac:name="">JavaGenerics 04</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[JavaGenerics 04] [http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/language/generics.html], Sun Microsystems (2004)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="9f9eada9-c13c-46f0-beb7-e5f2a732f467"><ac:parameter ac:name="">JavaThreads 04</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[JavaThreads 04]Java Threads by, Scott Oaks and Henry Wong. O'REILLY. (2004)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="2784ffbe-602b-4a7d-b4f8-c1eaab30ce9d"><ac:parameter ac:name="">JLS 05</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[JLS 05] Java Language Specification, 3rd edition. by James Gosling, Bill Joy, Guy Steele, and Gilad Bracha. Prentice Hall, The Java Series. The Java Language Specification. (2005)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="d5aad269-8b0d-49d4-833b-c51186cc028b"><ac:parameter ac:name="">JLS 06</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[JLS 06] Java Language Specification, 4th edition. by Ken Arnold, James Gosling, and David Holmes. Prentice Hall, The Java Series. (2006)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="bec8dc81-aa86-440f-b5ac-55ad93776455"><ac:parameter ac:name="">JMX 06</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[JMX 06] Monitoring and Management for the Java Platform, Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2006)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="19905fcc-d831-4c8c-ad87-58cdc3776709"><ac:parameter ac:name="">JMXG 06</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[JMXG 06] Java SE Monitoring and Management Guide, Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2006)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="ce950dab-783b-4151-ad8e-c47db05c2211"><ac:parameter ac:name="">JNI 06</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[JNI 06] Java Native Interface, Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2006)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="30e854d9-ae06-4f85-935e-bfc0e04518d3"><ac:parameter ac:name="">JPDA 04</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[JPDA 04] Java Platform Debugger Architecture (JPDA), Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2004)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="71cc7a1a-017f-49c3-9217-e61f104ed085"><ac:parameter ac:name="">JVMTI 06</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[JVMTI 06] Java Virtual Machine Tool Interface (JVM TI), Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2006)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="e3dd2812-403d-403d-84dc-967efea1f15a"><ac:parameter ac:name="">JVMSpec 99</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[JVMSpec 99] The Java Virtual Machine Specification, Sun Microsystems, Inc. (1999)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="1e4626c3-a83c-490f-bf44-2afa18fb363e"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Kabutz 01</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Kabutz 01] The Java Specialists' Newsletter, by Dr. Heinz M. Kabutz. (2001)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="b641e28f-3e96-4089-a6d2-934c3d4c0a68"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Kalinovsky 04</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Kalinovsky 04] Covert Java: Techniques for Decompiling, Patching, and Reverse Engineering, by Alex Kalinovsky. SAMS Publishing. (2004)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="1ce311a4-d1a0-4606-a72e-b1f783c822cb"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Langer 08</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Langer 08] http://www.angelikalanger.com/GenericsFAQ/FAQSections/ProgrammingIdioms.html, Angelica Langer (2008)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="b3b884d7-dba0-4348-b07a-6c071a0e4d5a"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Lea 00</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Lea 00] Concurrent Programming in Java, 2nd edition, by Doug Lea. Addison Wesley, Sun Microsystems. (2000)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="670f7e89-68c6-43d0-92b5-f0da372cf4ca"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Liang 97</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Liang 97] The Java⢠Native Interface, Programmer's Guide and Specification, by Sheng Liang. ADDISON-WESLEY. (1997)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="da0b9594-0f7b-4654-964f-3fd35ac89850"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Long 05</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Long 05] Software Vulnerabilities in Java, by Fred Long, CMU/SEI-2005-TN-044. (2005)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="a90da40a-da77-4b07-8d0b-8aedae068900"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Low 97</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Low 97] Protecting Java Code via Obfuscation, by Douglas Low. (1997)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="613889a4-7b50-4398-ab36-c8c69a3d2f5c"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Kalinovsky 04</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Kalinovsky 04] Covert Java: Techniques for Decompiling, Patching, and Reverse Engineering, by Alex Kalinovsky, SAMS. (2004)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="f37b1d4d-db02-43f6-94c9-53f6ec69a0ce"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Macgregor 98</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Macgregor 98] Java Network Security, by Robert Macgregor, Dave Durbin, John Owlett and Andrew Yeomans. Prentice Hall. (1998)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="21c5b5c4-3c0e-4af8-ac3f-33ab07d7eda7"><ac:parameter ac:name="">McGraw 99</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[McGraw 00] Securing Java, Getting Down to Business with Mobile Code, by Gary McGraw and Edward W. Felten. Wiley. (1999)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="e41f3908-5aef-44d2-8dba-ef873aadcecb"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Mcgraw 98</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Mcgraw 98] Twelve rules for developing more secure Java code, Gary Mcgraw and Edward Felten, JavaWorld.com (1998)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="63188a3a-5543-404f-befd-962ccdc921e2"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Mocha 07</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Mocha 07] Mocha, the Java Decompiler (2007)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="6842b670-4ac2-43b2-a20c-2d9b350ba671"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Müller 02</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Müller 02] Exception Handling: Common Problems and Best Practice with Java 1.4 by Dr. Andreas Müller and Geoffrey Simmons, Sun Microsystems GmbH. (2002)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="0ab37fe1-bb46-4c7a-85cf-7a4cea518b78"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Naftalin 06</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Naftalin 06] Java Generics and Collections, Maurice Naftalin and Philip Wadler, O'Reilly (2006)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="95d00b4f-3eb2-4dd3-9d25-a7df7b6e459c"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Oaks 01</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Oaks 01] Java Security, by Scott Oaks. O'REILLY. (2001)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="ab1b8e80-0df1-424b-958f-1bc88857b990"><ac:parameter ac:name="">OWASP 08</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[OWASP 08] OWASP. (2008)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="c43d87b9-bcae-4a3a-a6e6-ce88a110b035"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Pistoia 04</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Pistoia 04] Enterprise Java Security: Building Secure J2EE Applications, by Marco Pistoia, Nataraj Nagaratnam, Larry Koved and Anthony Nadalin. Addison Wesley. (2004)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="e00fd200-e081-45dd-a868-2e49bb6e35e7"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Policy 02</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Policy 02] Default Policy Implementation and Policy File Syntax, Document revision 1.6, Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2002)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="3112f412-c69a-4900-9085-a0366866c56d"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Reflect 06</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Reflect 06] Reflection, Sun Microsystems, Inc. (2006)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="5ecae8d5-399f-4dbf-9c9b-d9b9cc806335"><ac:parameter ac:name="">SCG 07</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[SCG 07] Secure Coding Guidelines for the Java Programming Language, version 2.0 (2007)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="4a4ce373-bdaa-4945-9970-6b18955cf89c"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Schildt 07</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Schildt 07] Herb Schildt's Java Programming Cookbook, Herb Schildt, McGraw-Hill (2007)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="7216bfdc-1765-4168-b135-2444387272b4"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Seacord 05</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Seacord 05] Seacord, Robert C. Secure Coding in C and C++. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley. (2005)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="a674b6e5-e7a6-4099-bb14-42829251c732"><ac:parameter ac:name="">SecArch 06</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[SecArch 06] Java 2 Platform Security Architecture (2006)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="5a66ec59-51ba-4107-8da9-37a675b235b6"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Security 06</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Security 06] Java Security Guides (2006)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="0439f120-170a-4ca5-82d8-320c180cb003"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Steel 05</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Steel 05] Core Security Patterns: Best Practices and Strategies for J2EEâ¢, Web Services, and Identity Management, by Christopher Steel, Ramesh Nagappan and Ray Lai. Prentice Hall PTR / Sun Micros. (2005)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="05e9c867-1f18-401d-a09c-8d92a0dec1f1"><ac:parameter ac:name="">SDN 08</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[SDN 08] SUN Developer Network (1994-2008)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="8f833620-09c1-40a7-bd23-7f976c1ed43a"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Techtalk 07</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Techtalk 07] The PhantomReference Menace. Attack of the Clone. Revenge of the Shift., by Josh Bloch and William Pugh, JavaOne Conference (2007)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="5ca564c9-13a0-4424-9190-6a2d8bafbe8a"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Tutorials 08</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Tutorials 08] The Java Tutorials (2008)
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="f296fe06-d5ab-4c69-b176-6ae3aef0c94b"><ac:parameter ac:name="">Wheeler 03</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro>
[Wheeler 03] http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2005/01/26/classloading.htmlSecure Programming for Linux and Unix HOWTO, David A. Wheeler (2003)